Wednesday, January 25, 2012

Technology in Operations and Management (TOM)

Paul Mulligan - Olin 249 , mulligan@babson.edu , X4595
Session 1 - Jan 25, 2012


Peter Drucker - "Operations is the business of making and moving things"

Productivity vs Efficiency

sources of competitive advantages:
Customer experienc


Session 2 - Jan 30, 2012
Case: Fair Oaks


Demand variability is an important thing that we need to take care of.

Session 3 - Feb 1, 2012
Case - TOOPS Wholesale


Supply chain management and inventory management.

speculative inventory - in commodities market

Session 4 - Feb 6, 2012


Customer Order Decoupling Point (CODP)

Case: Sports Obermeyer


Session 5 - Feb 8, 2012
Case- Zara: IT for Fast Fashion


They create scarcity in Zara by stopping production.
shrinkage is a huge issue in retail.

Session 6 - Feb 13, 2012
Case: Drager (from operating perspective)


Session -  Feb 22, 2012
Discussion of Six sigma


"We have learned to live in a world of mistakes and defective products as if they were necessary to life"
Quality is good if it meets the spec of tolerance.

Session 11: Feb 29, 2012
Case: CVS


Manage the expectations.
Do enough to differentiate but do not do too much. Do enough so that they pay for it.

One of the problems: when your growth rate is bigger than the attrition rate, there is a fake growth. this is actually a problem which can be easily ignored.

Session 12: Mar 5, 2012
Case: We've got Rhythm - Medtronics, Cardiac Pacemakers


Case: Threadless


*******************************
Read the TOM-1 Toyota article for Final exam

Creating and Leading Effective Organizations (CLEO)

Kassarjan 


Session 1 - Jan 25, 2010


Case: Erik Peterson at Biometra (A)


Would you take Erik's job?


favorite words:
- empowerment
- buy-in
- alignment
- role definition
- matrix
- vision
- mission

Problems that Erik is facing:


Erik has less respect of people
communication problem
enough belief in the product (external)

External
Internal - team dynamics
Problems with his team and the HQ

instead of addressing all the problems at teh same time - make one goal for the day and discipline yourself to address that goal.

"Agree and commit, disagree and commit or get the hell out"

Session 3: Feb 1, 2012
Case - Rick Drumm (A)


Being opportunistic

Doing the same thing and expecting different results is a sign of insanity - Einstein

Nothing Fails like Success - always

Session 5: Feb 8, 2012


Session 6: Feb 13, 2012
Cross cultural issues at work:
El Dorada culture exercise
role playing exercise

Session 7: Feb 15th, 2012
Kay Sunderland


Difference in power. Power not only because of the position but superiority but also because of the respect due to their knowledge and role they have in their organization.

KSF (Key Success Factors)- Context

For the account manager
Retention of the client and the understanding of the competition and what is happening around is important.

Exchange currencies


Inspiration-related
position-related
task-related
relationship-related
(see slides|)

Guidelines for writing assignment:
Introduction - should include conclusion.
Structure - use headings - so that the reader can SCAN
Audience awareness is important

Session 11: Feb 29, 2012


Session 12: Mar 5, 2012
Case: Monica Ashley


Did Monica fail?
Victim mentality is very very dangerous.
Was this situation designed to fail?

Ask Parker about his story.
Ask the old guy about the things he put in (as a starting line)
Include him in his data collection and analysis.
Ask for help.

Ashley- "I could've had Parker's support if I had not bashed the holy cow of Analog technology"
Others see me as over-confident and aggressive. I probably act that way to overcome my weaknesses.

Implementing Change:
The formula for change
C=f(DxVxSxP) > Co.

D= Dissatisfaction
V=Vision
S=Support times Pathways for
accomplishing change

All greater than teh cost of change.
Co. = Cost of change



Last class - case: Hema Hattangady and Conzerv (A)


Its not about 50-50 relationship, its how they fit together. Thats how the partnerships and relationships work.

"Remember how porcupines make love" - very very carefully

The most important case in this course is about "you". Some of the courses are a mirror for you, that is the most important case for you.

The winds - Our ship - Our Role as a leader

THE STORY
<Go through the last class slides - VERY IMPORTANT>
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CLEO - Final Paper
*************************

***********Creating and Leading Effective Organizations is designed to encourage you to think critically and creatively about organizational management as a process and yourself as the most important asset you have for leading. During the course, you will be stretched, challenged, sometimes jolted, and encouraged to think in new ways.

Instead of a Final Examination, you will write a paper that explores your learning about organizations and leadership and its implications for YOU now and in the future. Please consider the following questions and write an essay that incorporates your thinking in response.

  • Reflect on a moment(s) in the course when you were most surprised or challenged or had your prior beliefs upended. Discuss what you learned as a result and why it is important for your growth as a leader.
  • Given your personal style and propensities and the type of leader you aspire to be in the future, discuss three things that could throw you off track as an entrepreneurial leader and what you’ll try to do to avoid having that happen.
  • What kind of organization do you want to work in? What would the essential design elements (such as structure, talent management processes, team management, among others) be like to create and support it?
  • What does all this mean for your thinking about your future as a manager and leader, and what specifically does that mean for you going forward?*********************


******************
Reflect on a moment(s) in the course when you were most surprised or challenged or had your prior beliefs upended. Discuss what you learned as a result and why it is important for your growth as a leader.
The discussion on the case "Influence in implementing strategic change: The Monica Ashley experience" was an eye opener for me. I have experienced at times that in large organizations it is difficult to stimulate a change. Some "experienced" people are very hard to be convinced and they generally do not give a lot of value to someone less experienced. When reading the case I was totally on Monica's side and considered her as a victim of teh situation. But after the case discussion and reading the follow up case I learnt that there were mistakes on both parts. It is really easy to say that "your time has gone" and "news ways need to be implemented" but the real challenge is to actually bring the experienced people at the same page. If we "the new talent" do not take into consideration the work tat has been done before us, we will be missing out on a lot of things. There is very good example given by the teachers of tradition. They say that if there is already a building made, you should spend your time bringing in your bricks and adding to it; making it bigger and more elegant, instead of breaking the complete building and losing all the work done before you.
It is easier to say in words but in reality, even I have not been following that. In our passion for work, and over confidence of our abilities, we do get selfish in approaching the tasks.
This case discussion was a good learning experience for me. I realize now that the people who have been in the company at its starting phase are quite important. When management is having a look at their performance, they always keep the value they added to the company during the struggling days.
It was an important lesson that good analysis can backfire if we do not consider all stakeholders, history and the culture of the organization.

Given your personal style and propensities and the type of leader you aspire to be in the future, discuss three things that could throw you off track as an entrepreneurial leader and what you’ll try to do to avoid having that happen.

My personal style is to be an inspirational leader. This is probably because of the culture that I am from or the way I was brought up. I think a leader needs to lead by example and have a personality that does not offend, dispute or repel its followers at ANY level. I think I can drive a change in people if they are able to identify with me at some level. Given that, there are a few things that can throw me off track as an entrepreneurial leader:

  • Trying to be acceptable in everyone's eyes and losing focus.
  • Being too "idealistic" and not being practical has been a concern earlier and can be a concern in the future.
  • Sticking to the thought that "I am the best person to do this job"
The goal of the leader is to lead people towards the final target. Being acceptable to everyone is an out come that will be awesome but not required. To avoid getting offtrack due to this reason I will try to remind myself of the final goal time and again. 
Having a mentor is helpful in staying focused and not getting lost in the ideal world. I have learned that it is best to find a good mentor. There is an important rule in following the path of "Sufism" (Spirituality [not exact translation though]) that if you to go to the path without a mentor, it may lead you to madness. It may be divergent from the topic but the rule does apply in other aspects of life as well. Leadership is a difficult path. No one has been able to write firm rules and guidelines for it but having a mentor helps you climb that ladder without repeating the mistakes that others have made.
This will help me avoid the last apprehension as well. A mentor can give me a reality check if I am good enough to do what I am trying to do or not. An unbiased person who can view my situation from the outside will be able to give a different perspective. 


What kind of organization do you want to work in? What would the essential design elements (such as structure, talent management processes, team management, among others) be like to create and support it?
Ethics, morality and values are important to me as a person. It is my dream to be a successful entrepreneur but I do not agree with the definition of entrepreneur sometimes used. "an entrepreneur is someone who identifies an opportunity makes a business out of it". I see entrepreneurship as something that solves the problems of the community, not as something that takes advantage of it. I could identify a lot with the last case about Hema Hattangady and the dilemma she faced. The culture that I come from we see similar problems and it is very difficult to stick to stick to the strategy of integrity. Despite that I see a change coming along and people realizing that it is important and is direly needed for nation building.
I would like to work in an organization where integrity is given importance. Moreover, the business does not violates any ethical values. I would like the whole team to identify with that vision. The steps that I would take to share the vision are hard to be completely defined but here is my idea of them:

I would with a thorough hiring process in which I would like to identify the individual's core "currencies" and aspirations with life.
A clear idea of company's vision will be conveyed to the employees at the start so that know what they are getting into.
The balance scorecard for appraisals and promotions will have a section for "integrity score".
The 360 degree evaluation system will be adopted, so that the subordinates also get a chance to give feedback about their managers.

The above steps may sound a bit "idealistic" but I have a plan to go back and work in my own country. Corruption is one of the most important problems. There is one way of stopping it through power, but the other way is to inculcate the change through something that is organic. My view of bringing in the change is by "being" the change. I believe taking small steps towards that change can result in something amazing.

What does all this mean for your thinking about your future as a manager and leader, and what specifically does that mean for you going forward?
I see every new situation as a learning opportunity. If I try and reflect on the situations I go through, I can draw a number of learning implications. The decision of coming to a US business and leaving a working life is a plunge that I took to explore myself. Simple things like the working behavior of the group that I am part of and the interactions with the peers and teachers in the class, all add up to this process of exploration. 
Some of my earlier beliefs and concepts have been challenged. My view about the world has broadened and now I can actually appreciate more point of views. A leader needs to have a vision and the motivation and perseverance to stay focused. He needs to have an idea about "The Winds" and a strong understanding (at all levels) of "The Ship". It is only then that the aspired change can be brought about.

Tuesday, January 24, 2012

Measuring & Managing Strategic Performance (MMSP)

Professor Bill Lawler (Olin 242C, x4364, lawler@babson.edu)
Session 1 - Jan 24, 2012


in your BCAP rooms, you are supposed to
define your concept of the restaurant

Exercise:
Come up with a restaurant idea and we will do the analysis on that.

Food truck

Rent: 2000 per month

Session 2 - Jan 26, 2012


Case: TenAlpine
Depreciation is something that we need to consider over here because it still is an expense. The finance people will say stay on cash basis and do not consider depreciation.

Do the analysis by keeping Labor as both FC and VC and then compare the risk associated with the business.

Session 3 - Jan 31, 2012
Case: TenAlpine (B)


See the working excel file

Session 4 - Feb 2, 2012
Case - Drager


EVA = Income - (investment * WACC) => 0
economic value added model

two way

Sessions 5 - Feb 7, 2012


Activity Based Costing (ABC)
Case: ACME




Session 6: Feb 14, 2012
ABC - case: TenAlpina (C)



Step 1: Identify Resource Data
Step 2: Divide/apportion the resource costs  cross the activities
Step 3: Identify Activity Cost Drivers
Step 4: Compute activity cost driver rates
Step 5: Assign costs to cost objects (products)

Session: Balanced Scorecard


Case: Lodge Industries - Carbon Black 
This is a functional organization

If teh plant is a cost center there will be an intrinsic motivation to bring quality down and reduce cost. whereas they are evaluated as an investment center (profits / gross assets) so they are in a way responsible for revenue as well.

Session: Sustainability Imperative
Case: Deploying sustainability at Solea


Article: "THE SUSTAINABILITY IMPERATIVE. By: Lubin, David A., Esty, Daniel C., Harvard Business Review, 00178012, May2010, Vol. 88, Issue 5"
A good article on the execution of strategy. It very clearly explains which says on "What" to do and "How" to do it.

On What

STAGE 2: Do new things in new ways. Firms engage in widespread redesign of products, processes, and whole systems to optimize natural resource efficiencies and risk management across their value chains. DuPont's "zero waste" commitment, for instance, increased the company's prioritization of eco-efficiency across their operations. Its decision to shed businesses with big eco-footprints, such as carpets and nylon, was based on an analysis that the business and environmental risks would outweigh their potential contribution to future earnings.
STAGE 3: Transform core business. As the vision expands further, sustainability innovations become the source of new revenues and growth. Dow's sweeping 2015 Sustainability Goals, designed to drive innovation across its many lines of business, yielded new products or technology breakthroughs in areas from solar roof shingles to hybrid batteries. The core business, which had traditionally relied on commodity chemicals, has shifted toward advanced materials and high-tech energy opportunities.
STAGE 4: New business model creation and differentiation. At the highest level, firms exploit the megatrend as a source of differentiation in business model, brand, employee engagement, and other intangibles, fundamentally repositioning the company and redefining its strategy for competitive advantage. GE's ecomagination initiative, poised to deliver $25 billion in revenues in 2010, enabled CEO Jeff Immelt not just to reposition the company as an energy and environmental solutions provider but to build a green aura into the GE brand.

On How
Leadership: leadership is Attributes X Results. So the leader not only needs to have vision, knowledge and passion also the ability to execute, the responsibility

Last class: Mar 13, 2012
Case: Electronic Commerce Network (B)


When the cost pool is variable in nature - we should use usage cost driver
When the cost pool is fixed in nature - we should use capacity cost driver


Tuesday, January 17, 2012

Managing Talent Your Own and Others - MTYOO

James Hunt - huntj@babson.edu

What is talent

career is a negotiated outcome between parties.

relationships make your talent visible

fill out student BIO in the blackboard

BCG case:


How they identify talent.

6 - Micheal (Mentor)

Mentee (Eric Wong)

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I want to be coached about

writing skills..... 

Tuesday, November 1, 2011

Integrated Sessions - Mod II

Session 1: Nov 2, 2011

Assignment
**********************************
Use the model for beef demand estimated in DMD 4 to answer the following questions:

1. The data set contains economic variables that explain to varying degrees the quantity of beef demanded.  List three non-economic variables that you believe influence the quantity demanded for beef.
Ans: Consumer preference for beef as food, health benefits of eating beef, Madcow disease, 


2. Use the model estimated to calculate the point elasticity of demand, income elasticity of demand and cross price elasticity. Note: Use the average values for prices, income and consumption in the point elasticity formulae. Describe the market for beef in terms of these calculated elasticities.  Is your computed price elasticity consistent with our discussion of the optimal pricing rule?
Ans
Using the model: BeefConsump=97.80–0.15*RealBeefPrice+0.36*RealChickenPrice+0.0003*RealDPI
(BeefConsum = Q or Qb ; RealBeefPrice = Pb; RealChickenPrice = Pc and RealDPI = I)


so, Q=97.80–0.15*Pb+0.36*Pc+0.0003*I
Pb (avg) = 185.36; Pc(avg) = 85; I(avg)= 11061
Q = 97.8 - 0.15*185.36 + 0.36*85 + 0.0003*11061 = 103.9 ~ 104


Point elasticity of demand, Q = dQ/dPb * Pb/Q
dQ/dPb =  -0.15 
PED = -0.15 * 185.36/104 = -0.26735 (relatively inelastic)


Cross price elasticity, % change in Q / % change in Pc
elasticity (b,c) = dQ/dPc * Pc/Q
dQ/dPc = 0.36 
elasticity (b,c) = 0.36* 85/104 = 0.294231 -> the goods are substitutes


Income elasticity of demand, %change in Q / %change in I
elasticity(b,I) = dQ/dI * I/Q
elasticity(b,I) = 0.0003 * 11061/104 = 0.031907 => normal good 


3. Using the average chicken price and average real disposable income, calculate the revenue maximizing price in the market for beef using the model estimated.
Ans: With Pc=85; I=11061;
Q = (97.8 + 0.36*85 + 0.0003*11061) - 0.15Pb
Q = 131.7 - 0.15Pb
P = 878.12 - 6.67Q
TR = P*Q
TR = 878.12 - 6.67Q^2
TR(max) is attained when MR=0 => dTR/dQ = 0

dTR/dQ = 878.12 - 2*6.67Q
(solving for =0)
Q = 65.82
P = 439

4. Compute the level of per capita beef consumption at the price calculated in Question 3.

    1. What is the range of sales volume at that price that can be expected at the 95% prediction interval?
    2. What are some strategic implications of this information for the beef industry?
    3. What are some of operating implications of the 95% prediction interval for large food supermarkets? For example, how might the ordering activities or inventory forecasts be affected?
    4. Are there any operating implications for the sales of different cuts of beef (e.g., chuck, sirloin and tenderloin)?

AnsQ = 65.82
a) For the range of sales in the 95% prediction interval I can say that the beef consumption will be between 54 - 77
which is 65.82 +- 2(5.85)  {coming from the regression model}
confidence interval 66 +- (5.85/sqrt(36))
b)

**********************************
Class Notes:

Discussion on the regression model that was discussed in the DMD class
R-square of

Robert Ng comes in :P
Marketing perspectives about demand forecasting

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Case: Cambridge Software company




Thursday, October 27, 2011

Marketing Management - MKT

Marketing Management - MKT


Robert Ng


Session 2: Oct 27, 2011


Case: Zipcar
See the frameworks to do a sanity check on your business idea before going ahead.

Session 3: Nov 1, 2011








Wednesday, October 26, 2011

Introduction to Financial Management - FIN

Introduction to Financial Management - Prof. Kathleen T. Hevert, Tomasso 222, 781.239.4630, EMAIL
hevert@babson.edu, Monday and Wednesday 1-3 p.m. and by appointment

Session 1: Oct 24, 2011
Google IPO case


Session 2: Oct 26t, 2011
Chapter 4: TVM



q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 q6
PV 100 ($46,650.74) -2960.4 -7225 0 0 -400
i 5% 10% 14% 8% 6% 4% 4%
N 20 8 4 7.63246072 19.99872146 18 17
PMT -2175 -400 -400
46650.73802
FV 265.3297705 100000 5000 13000 80000
FV ($265.33) $10,258.17 $10,258.17

q7 7%
0 1 2 3
300 400 150 200 ($300.00) ($373.83) ($131.02) ($163.26)
$968.11 ($968.11)

q8
a b c d e f
period beg balance payment interest principal reduction end balance PV 5000
1 5000 ($1,905.26) $350.00 ($1,555.26) $3,444.74 i 7%
2 3444.741672 ($1,905.26) $241.13 ($1,664.13) $1,780.62 N 3
3 1780.61526 ($1,905.26) $124.64 ($1,780.62) $0.00 FV 0
PMT ($1,905.26)




------------------------------------------------


Session 4: Oct 31, 2011
Beta calculation and implications

beta is a forward looking measure. It is not for historical data, we use beta for forward/future projections.
BUT in order to calculate it we use the regression on historical data.
when we look at teh regression line of the stock price to the SnP index we get the beta against the SnP (considering SnP is teh "market")

Risk free rate
for class discussion - Long term risk free rate with long term spread (long term treasury bond rate ~ 3.7%)
Equity analysts will be using the short term at times.

class question 1:
D0 = $1.2
g = 3%
beta (V) = 1.4
rRF = 4.5%
rRPM = 6%
Price, P0 = ?
Price, P2 = ?

rs = rRF + beta * rRPM = 4.5% + (6% * 1.4) = 12.9%
P0 = D1/(rs - g) = D0(1+g)/(rs - g) = 1.2(1.03)/(.129-0.3) = $12.48

class question 2:
solution in excel sheet

question 3:
IMPORTANT (look at teh solution)


Session 5: Nov 2, 2011
Case: valuing Wal-mart 2010


Facts:
P0 = $53.48
D0 = $1.09
rRF= 3.68%
P/E = 14.7
EPS= $3.72 / $3.71   (NI/#shares)
D1 = 1.21


Assumption:
MRP = 5.5%
beta = 0.66

growth in Div(perp) = 5%
r (Ks) ~= 7% (rate of return)
earnings growth (next 5 years) = 10.4%

Value Wal-Mart

a) Constant growth
P0 = D1/(rs - g)
     = 3.72*1.104 *(.30) / (7% - 5%)  { assuming the dividend payout ration of 30% exhibit 3}
     = $61.6
OR= 1.21/(7% - 5%)
     = $60.5

b) Dividends for next 3 years (using g=5%) 
0              1              2             3            4
|------------|-----------|-----------|----------|
               1.21        1.27        1.33        1.40

P3 = 1.4/(.07-.05) = 70.04
P0 = 1.21/(1.07) + 1.27/(1.07^2)  + 1.33/(1.33^3) + 70.04/(1.07^3)
     = $60.5

c) P/E approach
trailing P/E
forward P/E (today's price / expected earnings)

-> average trailing P/E from competitors = 15.5
trailing earning = 3.72
15.5 * 3.72 = $57.51

->average forward P/E from all competitors = 12.5
forward earning (3.71*1.104) = 4.11
12.5*4.11 = $51.29